Hematology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to the blood. Hematologists and Hematopathologists specialize in diseases of the blood and blood components; these include blood and bone marrow cells. Diseases can include anemia, leukemia and lymphoma.
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study treatment, diagnosis and prevention of cancer. There are three major areas of oncology based on treatments. Medical oncologists treat cancer using medication - chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Radiation oncologists treat cancer using radiation therapy - the use of high energy x-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells. Surgical oncologists treat cancer using surgery - removing the tumor and nearby tissue during an operation; this type of surgeon can also perform certain types of biopsies to help diagnose cancer.